The graph is from this paper by Rosamaría Dasso & Fernando Fernandez. The abstract
We examine the effects of a rural electrification program on employment in Peru. Exploiting the roll-out of the program across districts over time, we adopt differences-in-differences and fixed- effects strategies to estimate the impact of the program on la- bor market outcomes. The results from our preferred specifica- tion suggest that, among males, providing electrification increases hours of work and diminishes the likelihood of having a second oc- cupation. Among females, the treatment rises earnings and these gains seem to be driven by a shift towards non-agricultural jobs. Then, we construct a measure of treatment intensity and show that each additional electrification project increases the magni- tude of the estimated impacts (in absolute terms).
HT: Jacob A. Jordaan
This paper shows that rural electrification is associated with big changes in the time use of men and women in Nicaragua, even in the absence of labor-saving appliances. Electricity is shown to increase the propensity of rural Nicaraguan women to work outside the home by about 23%, but to have no impact on male employment. These findings suggest significant potential benefits to rural electrification that are not generally captured in cost–benefit analyses, such as greater women’s earnings and reduced deforestation.
That is from this paper by Grogan & Sadanand (March 2013). A draft (May 2012) is here.
From the conclusions:
There is a strong negative association between electricity in the household and time spent in family agricultural activities or in firewood collection. P. 18.
