According to this article by Gay, Santacreu-Vasut, & Shoham the main determinant is female/male distinction in language:
The abstract:
A draft is here.This article studies the determinants of gender political quota and enforcement sanctions, two key policy instruments for increasing female participation in politics. We find a novel empirical fact: language (the pervasiveness of gender distinctions in grammar) is the most significant related variable to quota adoption, more than traditional explanations such as economic development, political system and religion.
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